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Ramat Aviv Mall
Ramat Aviv Mall (Hebrew: ) is a shopping mall at 40 Einstein Street, in Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv. At a rent of $1,804 per square meter, it is Israel's most expensive mall and the 35th most expensive mall in the world.〔("Ramat Aviv is Israel's most expensive mall" ). Ynet. 2 October 2010.〕 Its gross leasable area is 17,800 square meters and it has 140 stores in two retail floors.〔Chayut, Ilanit. ("עזריאלי בראש, מלחה שני" ). Globes. 8 November 2010.〕 Above the shopping is an office building called Ramat Aviv Mall Tower.〔("Ramat Aviv Mall Tower" ). Emporis.〕 The entire project—tower and mall—has a gross area of about 80,900 square meters.〔 The mall is valued at 1.699 billion shekels, or 470 million dollars.〔
==History==
The plan to construct the mall was announced in 1989.〔Rosenberg, Daviv. (HOW MANY SHOPPING MALLS ARE TOO MANY?" ). Jerusalem Post. 6 January 1989.〕 This plan was met with hostility by the residents of Ramat Aviv, who feared that the mall would damage their quality of life.〔Sommer, Allison Kaplan. ("Ramat Aviv Mall opens" ). Jerusalem Post. 15 September 1997.〕 Betsy Winer, of the Jerusalem Post, wrote, "I was opposed to its (mall's ) construction in the first place, citing it as an ugly, unnecessary eyesore - the product of greedy, rapacious entrepreneurs, and having no place in a residential area."〔Betsy, Winer. ("THE RAMAT AVIV MALL" ) Jerusalem Post. 4 April 1997.〕 Therefore, in 1992, some 30 residents submitted an appeal to the Supreme Court of Israel to prevent Meqarqee Mercaz Ltd., the company which was going to build the mall, from receiving a license to build a shopping mall in Ramat Aviv. This caused a delay of more than a year in constructing the mall and Meqarqee Mercaz sued the residents, claiming damages of approximately $3–5 million from them.〔("Article: Mall delay causes damages claim. (Meqarqee Mercaz Ltd. sues Ramat Aviv residents who delayed construction)" ). Israel Business Today. 23 May 1993.〕 Construction of the mall began on October 11, 1993.〔Olpiner, Dovrat. ("חוות דעת של מומחה שומת נכס - קניו "אביב" ונכסים סמוכים רח' איינשטיין, רח' ברזיל, תל אביב" ). Greenberg Olpiner & Co.. 21 May 2007〕
In November 1996, Lev Leviev, an Orthodox Jewish diamond merchant, became the controlling shareholder of Africa Israel, which owned 74% of Meqarqee Mercaz.〔〔Beck, Galit Lipkis. ("Africa Israel's new mall will close on Shabbat" ). Jerusalem Post. 4 March 1997〕〔Strasler, Nehemia. ("The Ayatollah of Ramat Aviv" ). Jerusalem Post. March 5, 1997.〕 Although he first said that "he would not let religious considerations influence the management of the company", in March 1997 he declared that the mall would be closed on Sabbath〔 and he required the restaurants in it to be kosher.〔Derfner, Larry. ( "So tell me - who's a coercer...?" ). Jerusalem Post. March 7, 1997.〕 This caused a major controversy and led to protests from Omri Padan, head of McDonald's Israel, from Israel Theaters, and from the residents of Ramat Aviv. Padan's and Israel Theaters' contracts allowed them to operate on weekends〔Yudelman, Michal. ("Business as usual in Tel Aviv" ). Jerusalem Post. March 15, 1997.〕 and the residents claimed that Leviev's decision violated the secular character of their neighborhood.〔Keinon, Herb. ("From Rehov Bar-Ilan to Ramat Aviv" ). Jerusalem Post. March 18, 1997.〕 Roni Milo, the mayor of Tel Aviv, even called for a boycott of the shopping mall and Dan Darin, the deputy mayor, stated that city would not grant Africa Israel new building permits if they were to close the mall on weekends.〔 This caused Africa Israel's stock to drop by 20 percent.〔("Israeli Franchisee Fights To Stay Open On Sabbath" ). The Seattle Times. March 23, 1997.〕 On May 7, 1997, Africa Israel decided to allow the McDonald's restaurant in the mall to be non-kosher.〔Levin, Elazar. ("Africa Israel to Permit McDonald’s to Open Non-Kosher Restaurant in Ramat-Aviv Mall" ). Globes. May 7, 1997.〕 The mall and the office building above it opened on September 5, 1997.〔("קניון רמת-אביב נפתח מחר לתקופת הרצה" ). Globes. September 4, 1997〕 An arbitrator, Dov Levin, a retired Israeli Supreme Court Justice, was given the right to decide whether or not the cinemas and the restaurants would open on Sabbath. He ruled that they would remain closed because the Tel Aviv bylaws, although rarely enforced, state that entertainment spots and eateries must close on Sabbath. The controversy actually pleased the other store owners, who, because of the mass exposure of the mall, profited more than they expected.〔Sandler, Neal. ("A TEMPEST OVER SABBATH LAWS...GIVES McDONALD'S A BIG BEEF (int'l edition)" ). BusinessWeek. December 22, 1997.〕
In 2006, the McDonald's branch in the mall became kosher. The decision was initiated by McDonald's itself.〔Goldstein, Tani. ("McDonalds in Ramat Aviv goes kosher" ). Ynet. September 11, 2006.〕 In late 2007, the administration of the mall announced that it was going to close down the Lev Cinema. This led to some protests.〔Ofek, Dorit. ("Lev vs. Lev" ). Jerusalem Post. December 21, 2007.〕〔Oren, Nili. ("אין להם לב" ). Nana 10. 9 December 2007〕 On its place some stores were built, including the first Apple store in Israel.〔Hoffman, Tzahi. ("Apple opens first Israeli store" ). Globes. 22 September 2008.〕 In April 2009, Africa Israel, which owned 73.4% of the mall, sold its part to Melisron, a company owned by the Ofer Brothers Group, for 1.5 billion shekels. The insurance company Migdal owns the remaining 26.6%.〔("אפריקה מוכרת את קניון רמת-אביב וקניון סביונים למליסרון לפי שווי של 1.74 מיליארד שקל" ). Globes. 7 April 2009.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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